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Recursive Self-Improvement through Collective Intelligence

A shared model acts as a team of subagents to solve open-ended research tasks, then trains on its own best executions to improve its performance.

Recursive Self-Improvement through Collective Intelligence
Figure from the paper, arXiv. Source
The loop

A shared model searches for better multi-agent workflows and selects the best executions. These executions are then used to train the model, improving its base capabilities.

  1. Model searches for multi-agent workflows
  2. Model selects the best executions
  3. Model trains on selected executions
  4. Model improves its base capabilities
  1. Model searches for multi-agent workflows
  2. Model selects the best executions
  3. Model trains on selected executions
  4. Model improves its base capabilities
↻ The improved system does the next round, and the loop turns again.

Why it is a road to recursion

It demonstrates that a model can overcome the supervision bottleneck in open-ended research by distilling the collective intelligence of its own simulated team.

Evidence

Over two cycles with Qwen3.6-27B, the model achieves 1.2 to 1.6 times higher performance.

multi-agentself-supervisionopen-ended research